General Meetings
This Briefing is concerned with general meetings of a company. It addresses what a general meeting is, why they are called, when they called and held, who is entitled to attend them, where they are held, and how they are conducted.
In particular, this Briefing is concerned with private companies, limited or unlimited, whether having shares or guarantees.
This Briefing is presented for private companies limited by shares. Where modifications relating to designated activity companies, companies limited by guarantee or unlimited companies are relevant, they will be explicitly expressed. Where reference is made to a company without reference to its legal form, that reference is to be taken as a reference to all of the aforementioned legal forms of company and their various types. Certain modifications relating to companies which are owners’ management companies are also identified. References to a general meeting are to both an annual general meeting and to an extraordinary general meeting, unless otherwise expressed.
This Briefing may be downloaded here.
—Law stated as at 4th July, 2025.
1. What Is a General Meeting?
[1-01] A general meeting is a meeting of a company at which certain prescribed matters must be considered and determined. General meetings are one of means to providing for, and achieving, sound corporate governance within a company. This is particularly the case where the company’s directors and members are not the same person; in which case, the general meeting affords the members with a forum for accountability of the directors. In a general meeting, the directors present the certain prescribed matters the subject of the general meeting to the members for their consideration and determination.
1.1. Types of General Meeting.
[1-02] There are two forms of general meeting. The annual general meeting is a general meeting which is required to be held by a company in each calendar year.[1] The extraordinary general meeting is a general meeting, other than an annual general meeting, held to consider and determine certain prescribed matters for a particular purpose.[2]
1.2. Business of the Annual General Meeting.
[1-03] The business of an annual general meeting, at a minimum, includes the following; namely, the consideration of the company’s statutory financial statements, and the reports of its directors and of the statutory auditors of the company (unless exemption from either or both of such reports is availed of);[3] the review by the members of the company’s affairs;[4] where the constitution of the company so permits, the declaration of a dividend not exceeding the amount recommended by the directors, and the authorisation of the directors to approve the remuneration of the statutory auditors of the company;[5] where the constitution of the company so permits, the election and re-election of directors;[6] where any stand appointed, the appointment or re-appointment of the statutory auditors of the company;[7] and, where the constitution of the company so permits, the remuneration of the directors.[8]
[1-04] A company limited by guarantee, if its constitution so permits, considers the following additional matters at annual general meetings.[9] At its first annual general meeting, each of the directors retire from office;[10] and in each subsequent annual general meeting, the nearest one-third of directors retire from office.[11] For retirements at subsequent annual general meetings, the directors who have served longest are those which retire; and where two or more such directors were appointed on the same date, which director is to retire is determined by lot.[12] In all cases, retiring directors are eligible for re-election,[13] and the company limited by guarantee may fill the vacancy of office so made by electing a person to fill such vacancy at the same annual general meeting.[14] Unless at that annual general meeting it is expressly resolved not to fill such vacated office, or a resolution for the re-election of that director has been put and lost, a retiring director is deemed to have been re-elected if they offer themself for re-election.[15]
[1-05] An owners’ management company is further required to consider the annual report in relation it.[16] The annual report must contain, at minimum, the following; namely, the prescribed financial statements;[17] the statement of funds of the sinking fund, and the details of the annual contribution to that fund and the basis of calculating such contribution;[18] the statement of the annual service charge and the basis of such charge;[19] the statement of the agreed or projected annual service charge;[20] the statement of planned expenditure on refurbishment, improvement or maintenance of a non-recurring nature;[21] the statement of insured value on the multi-unit development, the premium charged, the name of the insurer, and the principal risks covered by the insurance;[22] the general statement of fire safety equipment and the maintenance arrangements of same;[23] and the statement fully disclosing contracts entered into between the owners’ management company and its directors or connected persons.[24] The annual report is required to be furnished to each member at least 10 days before the annual general meeting.[25] These requirements are in addition to, and not in substitution for, the business of the annual general meeting outlined in this Briefing. [26]
2. Why Would a General Meeting be Convened?
2.1. Private Companies Limited by Shares: Dispensation of Annual General Meeting Requirement.
[2-01] A private company limited by shares is exempt from the requirement to hold general meetings only where it has one member.[27] However, a private company limited by shares with two or more members is required to hold an annual general meeting in each calendar year,[28] unless otherwise dispensed with. Such private companies limited by shares may only dispense with this requirement where the members entitled to attend and vote at same make and pass a unanimous written resolution containing certain specified information.[29] That information is that the members each acknowledge receipt of the financial statements which would have been laid before the annual general meeting; that the members resolve all matters which would have been resolved at the annual general meeting; and, if there stands appointed a statutory auditor of the company, that the members confirm that no change is proposed in such appointment.[30] The unanimous written resolution may consist of several like documents, each of which is signed by one or more members.[31]
2.2. Designated Activity Companies: Dispensation of Annual General Meeting Requirement Restricted.
[2-02] A designated activity company, whether limited by shares or by guarantee, is exempt from the requirement to hold general meetings only where it has one member.[32] Where the designated activity company has two or more members, it cannot dispense with the requirement to hold an annual general meeting.[33] Where the designated activity company is an owners’ management company, it must hold an annual general meeting once in each calendar year.[34]
2.3. Companies Limited by Guarantee: Dispensation of Annual General Meeting Requirement Restricted.
[2-03] A company limited by guarantee is exempt from the requirement to hold general meetings only where it has one member.[35] Where the company limited by guarantee has two or more members, it cannot dispense with the requirement to hold an annual general meeting.[36] Where the company limited by guarantee is an owners’ management company, it must hold an annual general meeting once in each calendar year.[37]
2.4. Unlimited Companies: Dispensation of Annual General Meeting Requirement Restricted.
[2-04] An unlimited company, which includes each of the three types of same, is exempt from the requirement to hold general meetings only where it has one member.[38] Where the unlimited has two or more members, it cannot dispense with the requirement to hold an annual general meeting.[39] Where the unlimited company is an owners’ management company, it must hold an annual general meeting once in each calendar year.[40]
2.5. Annual General Meetings: Convening in Cases of Default.
[2-05] There are two means by which an annual general meeting may be convened in cases of default by the company in convening same. First, any member of the company may apply to the Corporate Enforcement Authority to direct the convening of the annual general meeting.[41] Second, the High Court, either on application to it or of its own motion, may make an order requiring the company to call, hold and conduct an annual general meeting.[42] (In the second case, only the company’s directors, members entitled to attend and vote at general meetings, the personal representative of a deceased such member or the assignee in bankruptcy of a bankrupt such member may make such application.)[43]
2.6. Extraordinary General Meetings: Means by Which Convened.
[2-06] There are four means by which an extraordinary general meeting may be convened. First, the directors of a company may convene an extraordinary general meeting whenever they think fit.[44] Second, if the constitution of the company so permits, members together holding at least 50 per cent (or such amount that the constitution provides) of the paid up share capital of the company may convene an extraordinary general meeting.[45] Third, notwithstanding the constitution of the company, members together holding at least 10 per cent of the paid up share capital of the company may requisition the directors to forthwith proceed duly to convene an extraordinary general meeting.[46] (In the third case, where the directors fail, within 21 days of the date of the requisition, to convene an extraordinary general meeting within two months of the requisition date, the members who made the requisition may themselves convene the extraordinary general meeting; provided such extraordinary general meeting is held within three months of the requisition date.)[47] Fourth, the High Court, either on application to it or of its own motion, may make an order requiring the company to call, hold and conduct an extraordinary general meeting.[48] (In the fourth case, only the company’s directors, members entitled to attend and vote at general meetings, the personal representative of a deceased such member or the assignee in bankruptcy of a bankrupt such member may make such application.)[49]
3. When Is a General Meeting Convened?
3.1. Annual General Meetings.
[3-01] Where the aforementioned exemption or dispensation does not apply to a particular company, an annual general meeting must be held once in every calendar year.[50] In addition (and not in substitution), not more than 15 months may elapse between the date of one annual general meeting and that of the next calendar year.[51] In the case of a company which has been recently incorporated, provided it holds its first annual general meeting within 18 months of its date of incorporation, it is not required to hold it in the calendar year of its incorporation or the calendar year after its year of incorporation.[52]
[3-02] In determining the date by which the company must hold its annual general meeting, reference is to be made to its financial year end date. As statutory financial statements and the related reports must be laid before the company in an annual general meeting,[53] those statements and reports must be laid within nine months after the financial year end date.
[3-03] In the case of a company which has been recently incorporated, its first financial year begins on its date of incorporation and ends on any date thereafter; provided that end date is within 18 months of its date of incorporation.[54]
[3-04] An annual general meeting may be called by giving to the persons entitled to attend not less than 21 days’ notice (unless the constitution of the company provides for a greater period);[55] and in calculating this time, neither the date of service of the notice nor the date of the annual general meeting are counted.[56] If the annual general meeting is called by giving a shorter notice period, it may be so called only if all members entitled to attend and vote at same and the statutory auditors of the company (if any stand appointed) agree.[57]
[3-05] An owners’ management company is required to give at least 21 days’ notice of the annual general meeting.[58]
3.2. Extraordinary General Meetings.
[3-06] An extraordinary general meeting may be called by giving to the persons entitled to attend not less than seven days’ notice (unless the constitution of the company provides for a greater period);[59] unless the extraordinary general meeting is called for the passing of a special resolution, in which case 21 days’ notice is to be given.[60] In calculating this time, neither the date of service of the notice nor the date of the extraordinary general meeting are counted.[61] If the extraordinary general meeting is called by giving a shorter notice period, it may be so called only if all members entitled to attend and vote at same and the statutory auditors of the company (if any stand appointed) agree.[62]
3.3. General Meetings: Content of Notice.
[3-07] The notice of a general meeting must contain the following particulars; namely, the venue, date and time of the general meeting;[63] where the general meeting is to be held, whether in whole or in part, by the use of electronic communications technology, the platform to be used, the details for access to same, the time and manner by which the attendee must confirm their intention to attend, the requirements or restrictions in place to identify attendees, the procedure for communicating questions and comments during the meeting, and the procedure to be adopted for voting on resolutions;[64] the general nature of the business to be transacted;[65] where special resolutions are to be proposed, the text or substance of same;[66] and a statement, displayed with reasonable prominence, that members are entitled to appoint a proxy in the prescribed form who may attend, speak and vote on their behalf, that the proxy is not required to be a member, and the time by which the company is to receive the proxy.[67] Provided the constitution of the company so permits, the accidental omission of the company to give notice of the general meeting to its member, or its non-receipt, does not invalidate the proceedings of the general meeting.[68]
4. Who Is Entitled to Attend a General Meeting?
[4-01] Notice of every general meeting of a company is required to be given to the following persons; namely, every member entitled to attend and vote at general meetings;[69] the personal representative of a deceased such member;[70] the assignee in bankruptcy of a bankrupt such member;[71] the directors and the secretary of the company;[72] where any stand appointed or where audit exemption is not availed of, the statutory auditors of the company;[73] and, where the constitution of the company so permits, any further person identified in the constitution.[74] Further, where any member appoints a proxy, the proxy enjoys the same right to attend, speak and vote at general meetings of the company as if they were the appointing member.[75]
[4-02] Where a member of a company is a body corporate, the directors of that body corporate may resolve to appoint a person to act as its representative at the general meeting of the company.[76] The person so appointed is entitled to exercise the same powers as if that person was a member of the company.[77] (However, the chairperson of the general meeting of the company may require that appointed person to produce reasonable evidence of their authority, and if such evidence is not produced the chairperson may exclude that person from the general meeting.)[78]
[4-03] In cases where an examiner is appointed in respect of a company, the examiner has the right to notice of, and of attendance and voting at, general meetings.[79]
4.1. Appointment of Proxies.
[4-04] Having received the notice of a general meeting of a company, each member is entitled to appoint another person as their proxy to attend, speak and vote at the general meeting.[80] (Where the constitution of a company so permits, the member may appoint more than one proxy.)[81] The instrument appointing the proxy must be in writing[82] and in the prescribed form.[83] Where the member appointing the proxy is a natural person, the instrument of proxy must be signed under their hand or of their duly authorised attorney.[84] Where the member appointing the proxy is a body corporate, the instrument of proxy must be signed either under seal or under hand of an officer or duly authorised attorney.[85] The signed instrument of proxy is required to be sent to the registered office of the company, or some other specified place, before the appointed time; and where an attorney has signed the instrument of proxy, the power of attorney, or a notarially-certified copy thereof, is also required to be submitted to the registered office or such other place by the appointed time.[86] (The instrument of proxy and the power of attorney, if any, may be sent by electronic means to the company by the appointed time.)[87] The appointed time is 48 hours before the time for the holding of the meeting.[88]
5. Where Is a General Meeting Held?
[5-01] A general meeting of a company may be held in person within or without the State.[89] If the constitution of the company so permits, the company may hold a general meeting by the use of electronic communications technology, whether in whole or in part.[90]
5.1. General Meetings Held in Person.
[5-02] A general meeting of a company may be held in person within the State.[91]
[5-03] A company may have a general meeting without the State only if all of the members entitled to attend and vote at same so consent in writing.[92] If any member does not consent to the general meeting being held without the State, the company has the duty to provide for the participation of such non-consenting members at that general meeting by electronic communications technology.[93]
[5-04] A general meeting of the company may be held in two or more venues, whether within or without the State, at the same time by the use of electronic communications technology.[94]
[5-05] An owners’ management company’s annual general meeting is required to be held, unless otherwise agreed to by members by a 75 per cent majority, within reasonable proximity to its multi-unit development and at a reasonable time.[95]
5.2. General Meetings Held Wholly or Partly by Electronic Communications Technology.
[5-06] For the purpose of general meetings of a company, electronic communications technology means technology which enables real-time transmission and real-time, two-way audio-visual or audio communication and which enables attendees to participate in the general meeting using such technology.[96]
[5-07] If the constitution of a company so permits, a general meeting may be held wholly by electronic communications technology.[97]
[5-08] Where a company is permitted, or required, to hold a general meeting by the use of electronic communications technology, whether in whole or in part, the company must provide for, or facilitate, the participation of attendees using such technology for that general meeting;[98] and ensure that members or their proxy so participating has the means to cast a vote using such technology.[99] The Company may impose proportionate and necessary requirements and restrictions on the use of that technology to ensure identification of attendees and the security of the technology.[100] Any such requirements or restrictions so imposed must be communicated to each attendee before the commencement of the general meeting.[101]
[5-09] In particular, the electronic communications technology employed by the company at a general meeting must comply with the following requirements; namely, that the technology provides for the security of attendees’ electronic communications, minimises the risk of data corruption and unauthorised access, and provides certainty as to the source of the electronic communications;[102] that any failure of, or disruption to, the technology is capable of being remedied as soon as practicable;[103] and that the technology enables attendees to hear the chairperson and any person introduced by the chairperson, and, if entitled to do so under the constitution of the company, to speak and submit questions and comments during the general meeting to the chairperson.[104] An attendee who attends the general meeting by use of the technology is regarded as present.[105]
[5-10] Temporary failures of, or disruptions to, the technology neither invalidates the general meeting nor its proceedings.[106] The chairperson of the general meeting may adjourn the general meeting only if satisfied that any such failure of, or disruption to, the technology substantially interferes with the general meeting or the participation of members as a whole and is incapable of being remedied during the meeting.[107] A company is not liable in respect of such failures or disruptions relating to the equipment used by particular attendees; unless such failures or disruptions are attributable to the company.[108]
6. How Is a General Meeting Conducted?
6.1. Proceedings at General Meetings.
[6-01] If the constitution of the company so permits, the following applies.[109] The chairperson of the board of directors of a company presides at every general meeting.[110] Where the company does not have such a chairperson, the directors may elect one of their number to preside as chairperson for the general meeting.[111] If there is a chairperson, and the chairperson is not present within 15 minutes after the time appointed for the commencement of the general meeting, or if such chairperson is unwilling to act, the directors may elect one of their number to preside as chairperson for the general meeting.[112]
[6-02] If the constitution of the company so permits, the following applies.[113] If no director is willing to act as chairperson, or if no director is present within 15 minutes after the time appointed for the commencement of the general meeting, the members present must elect one of their number to act as chairperson for the general meeting.[114]
[6-03] At the outset of any general meeting, it is necessary to determine whether the general meeting is quorate. Unless the constitution of the company provides for some other quorum, the quorum is two members of a company present, whether in person or by proxy.[115] (In the case of a single-member company, the quorum is one such member.)[116] If the general meeting is inquorate, no business is permitted to be transacted by the company.[117] If no quorum is present within 15 minutes of the commencement of the general meeting, if the constitution of the company so permits, the following applies.[118] The general meeting will stand adjourned to the same day in the next week and at the same time and venue (unless the directors otherwise determine);[119] and if at the adjourned general meeting no quorum is present within 30 minutes of its commencement, the members then present constitute quorum.[120] If the general meeting was convened on the requisition of the members and is inquorate, the general meeting is dissolved.[121]
6.2. Votes of Members.
[6-04] If the constitution of the company so permits, the following applies.[122] Resolutions put to the vote of the general meeting are decided on a show of hands;[123] and the chairperson of the general meeting must declare the resolution has, on a show of hands, been carried, whether unanimously or by a particular majority, or lost.[124] Where there is an equality of votes, the chairperson of the meeting is entitled to a second, and casting, vote.[125]
[6-05] Where members participate at a general meeting by the use of electronic communications technology, the chairperson may not put to the vote of the general meeting resolutions to be decided on a show of hands unless the chairperson is of the opinion that they can establish the identity of such participating members and verify the content of the voting instructions of such members.[126]
[6-06] Unless the constitution of the company provides otherwise, the following applies.[127] Subject to the rights or restrictions attached to shares, every member present in person or by proxy has one vote only.[128] In companies with a share capital and where a share is jointly-held, the first-named joint holder entered in the statutory register of the company so present may vote to the exclusion of other such joint holders.[129] The committee, attorney or other person appointed by a court of a member may speak and vote on a show of hands in person[130] or by proxy.[131] Only if calls or other sums immediately payable by a particular member in respect of shares have been paid, that member is entitled to vote at general meetings.[132] The qualification of any voter at the general meeting may be objected to by any member and, if not disallowed, is valid.[133] Any such objection must be made in due time and referred to the chairperson of the general meeting, whose decision as to the objection is final and conclusive.[134] A proxy has the same right as their appointing member to speak and vote at the general meeting.[135]
6.3. Right to Demand, and Voting on, a Poll.
[6-07] At a general meeting, a poll may be demanded in relation to any matter; whether before the matter or on the declaration of the result on a show of hands.[136] Such a demand may be made only by the following persons; namely, the chairperson of the general meeting;[137] any three or more members present in person or by proxy;[138] members together representing at least 10 per cent of the total voting rights of the company;[139] and members together representing at least 10 per cent of the paid up share capital.[140] Any demand for a poll may be withdrawn by the person or persons who made it.[141] Where a poll is demanded, it must be taken in the manner directed by the chairperson of the general meeting; the result of which poll is deemed to be the resolution in that matter.[142] Where a demand in relation to the election of a chairperson for the general meeting is made, it is to be taken forthwith.[143] On any other question, the chairperson of the general meeting may direct a poll; and any other business outstanding may be proceeded with pending the taking of the poll.[144] A proxy has the same right as their appointing member to demand, and join in a demand for, a poll.[145] The committee, attorney or other person appointed by a court of a member may speak and vote on a poll in person[146] or by proxy.[147] Any member entitled to more than one vote is neither required to use all such votes nor to cast all votes in the same way.[148] Where there is an equality of votes, the chairperson of the meeting is entitled to a second, and casting, vote.[149]
6.4. Minute of the General Meeting.
[6-08] As soon as may be after a general meeting, the company must cause the minute of the proceedings of the general meeting and the terms of any resolutions thereat are to be entered in the books kept by the company for such purpose.[150] Any such minute is evidence of the proceedings if signed by the chairperson of that general meeting or by the chairperson of the next succeeding general meeting.[151] Where such minute is made, the general meeting is deemed to have been duly held and convened, its proceedings are deemed to have been duly had, and all appointments of directors and, if any, statutory auditors or liquidators are deemed to be valid; in each case, unless the contrary is proved.[152]
6.5. Resolutions Passed at General Meetings to Be Forwarded to Registrar of Companies.
[6-09] Resolutions expressed to be special resolutions of a company passed in general meeting must be forwarded to the Registrar of Companies within 15 days of the general meeting at which they passed and made.[153]
6.6. Adjournment of General Meetings.
[6-10] Unless the constitution of the company provides otherwise, the following applies.[154] The chairperson of the general meeting may adjourn the general meeting from time-to-time and from place-to-place with the consent of a quorate general meeting.[155] No business may be transacted at an adjourned meeting other than that left unfinished at the general meeting from which the adjournment took place.[156] Notice of an adjourned general meeting is not required.[157] Where a general meeting is adjourned for a date 30 days after the general meeting at which the adjournment took place, notice of the adjourned general meeting is required as if it were an original general meeting.[158] Where a resolution is passed at an adjourned general meeting, it is treated as being passed and made on the date of the adjourned general meeting.[159]
The content of this Briefing is provided to Clients of The Jáuregui-Hogan Group of Companies, and also to members of the public, for informative purposes only; stating the law as at the date in the header hereof. Accordingly, this Briefing does not contain, nor is it intended to be, nor is it to be construed as providing, legal or professional advices to any particular entity to which it relates. For legal or professional advices in relation to the subject matter of this Briefing as it relates to your entity’s circumstances, contact your legal practitioner or your usual Jáuregui-Hogan contact.
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Footnotes
[1] Companies Act, 2014, s. 175(1).
[2] Companies Act, 2014, s. 177(1).
[3] Companies Act, 2014, s. 186(a).
[4] Companies Act, 2014, s. 186(b).
[5] Companies Act, 2014, s. 186(c).
[6] Companies Act, 2014, s. 186(d).
[7] Companies Act, 2014, s. 186(e).
[8] Companies Act, 2014, s. 186(f).
[9] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1196(1).
[10] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1196(2).
[11] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1196(3).
[12] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1196(4).
[13] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1196(5).
[14] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1196(6).
[15] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1196(7).
[16] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(1)(b).
[17] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(2)(a)-(b).
[18] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(2)(c).
[19] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(2)(d).
[20] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(2)(e).
[21] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(2)(f).
[22] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(2)(g).
[23] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(2)(h).
[24] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(2)(i).
[25] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(4).
[26] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(6).
[27] Companies Act, 2014, s. 196(2).
[28] Companies Act, 2014, ss. 175(1) & 193(1).
[29] Companies Act, 2014, s. 175(3).
[30] Companies Act, 2014, s. 175(3)(a)-(c).
[31] Companies Act, 2014, s. 193(3).
[32] Companies Act, 2014, s. 196(2) (as applied by s. 964 thereof).
[33] Companies Act, 2014, s. 988.
[34] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(1)(b).
[35] Companies Act, 2014, s. 196(2) (as applied by s. 1173 thereof).
[36] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1202.
[37] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(1)(b).
[38] Companies Act, 2014, s. 196(2) (as applied by s. 1230 thereof).
[39] Companies Act, 2014, s. 1262.
[40] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(1)(b).
[41] Companies Act, 2014, s. 175(5). This application, and information on it, may be found on the Corporate Enforcement Authority’s website here.
[42] Companies Act, 2014, s. 179(1); Rules of the Superior Courts, 1986, Ord. 75.
[43] Companies Act, 2014, s. 179(3).
[44] Companies Act, 2014, s. 177(2).
[45] Companies Act, 2014, s. 178(2). This does not apply to in the case of companies limited by guarantee.
[46] Companies Act, 2014, s. 178(3). For companies limited by guarantee, the reference to “10 per cent of the paid up share capital” is to be taken as a reference to 10 per cent of the total voting rights.
[47] Companies Act, 2014, s. 178(5).
[48] Companies Act, 2014, s. 179(1); Rules of the Superior Courts, 1986, Ord. 75.
[49] Companies Act, 2014, s. 179(3).
[50] Companies Act, 2014, s. 175(1).
[51] Ibid.
[52] Companies Act, 2014, s. 175(2).
[53] Companies Act, 2014, s. 341(1).
[54] Companies Act, 2014, s. 288(1).
[55] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(1).
[56] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(4).
[57] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(2).
[58] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(3).
[59] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(1)(b).
[60] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(1)(a).
[61] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(4).
[62] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(2).
[63] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(5)(a).
[64] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(5)(aa).
[65] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(5)(b).
[66] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(5)(c).
[67] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(5)(d). This does not apply to companies limited by guarantee whose constitution prohibits members’ appointment of proxies: Companies Act, 2014, s. 1204A.
[68] Companies Act, 2014, s. 181(6).
[69] Companies Act, 2014, s. 180(1)(a). In companies with a share capital where a share is jointly-held, notice is valid if given to the first-named joint holder entered in the statutory register of the company only: Companies Act, 2014, s. 180(2).
[70] Companies Act, 2014, s. 180(1)(b). This does not apply to companies limited by guarantee: Companies Act, 2014, s. 1204.
[71] Companies Act, 2014, s. 180(1)(c). This does not apply to companies limited by guarantee: Companies Act, 2014, s. 1204.
[72] Companies Act, 2014, s. 180(1)(d).
[73] Companies Act, 2014, s. 180(6).
[74] Companies Act, 2014, s. 180(5).
[75] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(2).
[76] Companies Act, 2014, s. 185(1).
[77] Companies Act, 2014, s. 185(3).
[78] Companies Act, 2014, s. 185(4).
[79] Companies Act, 2014, s. 524(3)
[80] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(1). This does not apply to companies limited by guarantee whose constitution prohibits members’ appointment of proxies (Companies Act, 2014, s. 1204A) or where its constitution provides otherwise (Companies Act, 2014, s. 1205).
[81] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(3).
[82] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(4).
[83] The form of the instrument of proxy is set out in Companies Act, 2014, s. 184.
[84] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(4)(a).
[85] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(4)(b).
[86] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(5).
[87] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(7).
[88] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(6).
[89] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176(1).
[90] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(1).
[91] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176(1).
[92] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176(2).
[93] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176(3).
[94] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176(4).
[95] Multi-Unit Developments Act, 2011, s. 17(5).
[96] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(11).
[97] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(1).
[98] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(2)(a).
[99] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(2)(b).
[100] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(3).
[101] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(4).
[102] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(5)(a).
[103] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(5)(b).
[104] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(5)(c).
[105] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(10).
[106] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(6).
[107] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(7).
[108] Companies Act, 2014, s. 176A(8).
[109] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(1).
[110] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(2).
[111] Ibid.
[112] Ibid.
[113] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(1).
[114] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(3).
[115] Companies Act, 2014, s. 182(2).
[116] Companies Act, 2014, s. 182(3).
[117] Companies Act, 2014, s. 182(1).
[118] Companies Act, 2014, s. 182(4).
[119] Companies Act, 2014, s. 182(5)(b)(i).
[120] Companies Act, 2014, s. 182(5)(b)(ii).
[121] Companies Act, 2014, s. 182(5)(a).
[122] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(1).
[123] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(7)(a).
[124] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(7)(b).
[125] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(8).
[126] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(9).
[127] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(1).
[128] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(2)(a). The reference to shares does not apply to companies limited by guarantee: Companies Act, 2014, s. 1206(a).
[129] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(3). This does not apply to companies limited by guarantee: Companies Act, 2014, s. 1206(b).
[130] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(5).
[131] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(4).
[132] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(6). The reference to shares does not apply to companies limited by guarantee: Companies Act, 2014, s. 1206(c).
[133] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(7).
[134] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(8).
[135] Companies Act, 2014, s. 183(2). This does not apply to companies limited by guarantee whose constitution prohibits members’ appointment of proxies (Companies Act, 2014, s. 1204A) or where its constitution provides otherwise (Companies Act, 2014, s. 1205).
[136] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(1).
[137] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(2)(a).
[138] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(2)(b).
[139] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(2)(c).
[140] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(2)(d). This does not apply to companies limited by guarantee: Companies Act, 2014, s. 1207.
[141] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(3).
[142] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(4).
[143] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(5).
[144] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(6).
[145] Companies Act, 2014, s. 189(7).
[146] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(5).
[147] Companies Act, 2014, s. 188(4).
[148] Companies Act, 2014, s. 190.
[149] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(8).
[150] Companies Act, s. 199(1).
[151] Companies Act, 2014, s. 199(3).
[152] Companies Act, 2014, s. 199(4).
[153] Companies Act, 2014, s. 198(1).
[154] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(1).
[155] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(4).
[156] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(5).
[157] Companies Act, 2014, s. 187(6).
[158] Ibid.
[159] Companies Act, 2014, s. 192.
